American King James Version - AKJV - 1999
Exodus 10
1
And the LORD said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these my signs before him:
Reference
2
And that you may tell in the ears of your son, and of your son's son, what things I have worked in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that you may know how that I am the LORD.
Reference
Parallel theme
Joel 1:3
Deuteronomy 4:9
Psalm 44:1
References Lord
Exodus 13:14
Exodus 7:17
Ephesians 6:4
3
And Moses and Aaron came in to Pharaoh, and said to him, Thus said the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.
Reference
Parallel theme
1 Kings 21:29
Hebrews 12:25
Jeremiah 13:18
References God
1 Peter 5:6
Romans 2:4
References Lord
James 4:10
4
Else, if you refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts into your coast:
Reference
5
And they shall cover the face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remains to you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which grows for you out of the field:
Reference
6
And they shall fill your houses, and the houses of all your servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither your fathers, nor your fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were on the earth to this day. And he turned himself, and went out from Pharaoh.
Reference
7
And Pharaoh's servants said to him, How long shall this man be a snare to us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: know you not yet that Egypt is destroyed?
Reference
8
And Moses and Aaron were brought again to Pharaoh: and he said to them, Go, serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go?
Reference
References Lord
Exodus 10:24
9
And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast to the LORD.
Reference
Parallel theme
Ecclesiastes 12:1
Genesis 50:8
References Lord
Exodus 3:18
Exodus 5:1
Proverbs 3:9
Ephesians 6:4
Exodus 5:3
Exodus 13:6
Joshua 24:15
Numbers 29:12
10
And he said to them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you.
Reference
11
Not so: go now you that are men, and serve the LORD; for that you did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.
Reference
12
And the LORD said to Moses, Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up on the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail has left.
Reference
References Lord
Exodus 7:19
13
And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind on the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.
14
And the locust went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.
Reference
Parallel theme
Psalm 78:46
15
For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 10:5
16
Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you.
Reference
Sin
Exodus 9:27
17
Now therefore forgive, I pray you, my sin only this once, and entreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death only.
Reference
18
And he went out from Pharaoh, and entreated the LORD.
19
And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt.
Reference
📍 Red Sea
Parallel theme
Joel 2:20
20
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.
Reference
21
And the LORD said to Moses, Stretch out your hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.
Reference
Darkness
2 Peter 2:4
2 Peter 2:17
Luke 23:44
Jude 1:6
Psalm 105:28
Proverbs 4:19
Mark 15:33
Matthew 27:45
Deuteronomy 28:29
References Lord
Exodus 9:22
22
And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:
Reference
23
They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.
Reference
24
And Pharaoh called to Moses, and said, Go you, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.
Reference
References Lord
Exodus 8:28
25
And Moses said, You must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.
Reference
26
Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God; and we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither.
28
And Pharaoh said to him, Get you from me, take heed to yourself, see my face no more; for in that day you see my face you shall die.
29
And Moses said, You have spoken well, I will see your face again no more.
Reference
Parallel theme
Hebrews 11:27
Summary of Exodus 10
Exodus chapter 10 contains more confrontation between God and Pharaoh and describes the eighth and ninth plagues – locusts and darkness. God tells Moses that he had hardened the heart of Pharaoh and the hearts of his servants, to know the message, which will teach the Israelites and their children about the Lord, and that He is the LORD.
Moses and Aaron then go to Pharaoh and ask him how long he will refuse to humble himself before God. They ask again that they could let the Israelites go and that they could worship the LORD. God will bring upon Egypt a great swarm of locusts if Pharaoh does not heed them.
Locusts will cover the land and devour everything that has survived the hailstorm, including the plants and trees that have survived the hail. They will even come into the houses of Pharaoh, his servants, and all the Egyptians.
Now, the servants of Pharaoh recognize how bad the situation is. They question how long they will suffer Moses and the Israelites. They tell Pharaoh that Egypt is already badly off and suggest that he lets the Israelites go and worship their God.
Pharaoh sends for Moses and Aaron and asks who will be going to worship the LORD. Moses replies that everyone will go: the young and the old, their sons and daughters, and their animals, and their livestock. The Israelites must have a feast to the LORD.
Pharaoh does not allow everyone to go; he accuses Moses of wanting to cause trouble. He says that only the men should go but does not heed the command of God.
Moses and Aaron depart from Pharaoh, and God tells Moses to stretch out his rod over Egypt. The wind blows across the land all through the day and the night. The locusts come in the morning, and they cover the land, devouring everything that was left from the hailstorm. Not a green plant has been left in Egypt.
Pharaoh quickly calls Moses and Aaron and accuses Moses of having sinned against the LORD and against them. He asks Moses to forgive him and that he prays to the LORD that he removes the locusts.
Moses departs from Pharaoh and prays to the LORD, and God send a wind that drives away the locusts, throwing them into the Red Sea. Not a single locust is left in Egypt.
However, Pharaoh's heart is hardened again, and he does not allow the Israelites to go.
God tells Moses to stretch out his hand toward heaven, and darkness covers Egypt. It is so thick that the Egyptians cannot see one another and can hardly see their own houses for three days.
Nevertheless, the Israelites have lights in their houses. Again, this demonstrates yet again the distinction that God is making between Egypt and His people.
Pharaoh calls Moses and offers a new compromise. The Israelites may all go and worship the LORD, including their families, but they must leave their animals behind. Moses replies that they cannot do that because the animals are needed for the worship and sacrifices. They cannot know what exactly they will need until they reach their destination.
Pharaoh becomes very angry and tells Moses that he may go if he wishes because he will never see Pharaoh's face once again. Moses replies that Pharaoh has spoken correctly and will not see his father's face again. The chapter concludes with Pharaoh insisting on not releasing Israel, and the final and more severe plague about to begin.
The lesson that Exodus chapter 10 teaches is that pride and failure to obey may cause severe consequences for people, whereas God's people can rely on Him and trust that He will lead them and protect them. Pharaoh has already witnessed many signs from God, and he has shown resistance to His command.
Locusts show that the food supply of Egypt has been compromised and that the land has been devastated. The hailstorm earlier in the day has destroyed much of the vegetation, and the locusts finished it off.
Darkness is yet another sign and shows that God has taken away the power of the sun and the gods of Egypt. Moreover, the Israelites' homes are lit with light in time when others see nothing. Again, this shows that God has power, protects His people, and cares for them.
Pharaoh tries to negotiate again and again but refuses to obey God's command. He offers various compromises: only allowing the men to go or allowing the families to go, but insisting that the Israelites cannot take their animals with them. Moses replies that God's decree is for the entire nation to go and that they cannot take anything with them because it is for the sacrifices.
Pharaoh's actions are a repetition; so is the chapter. It begins where the last one ended: Pharaoh refuses to obey and is warned of a more severe judgment. When the judgment comes, he repents, asks for Moses's forgiveness, and allows the Israelites to depart. However, once the problem is over, he does not keep his word, and his stubbornness is unchanged.
God warns Moses that these events will be remembered and recounted by the Israelites and their children to show how He has brought judgment upon Egypt. It teaches that God is faithful, and the people must obey Him, but it also shows that God has power over all things, including nature, darkness and other people's power and will. Parents and families have to teach future generations about God's faithfulness.
Pride can cause people to refuse to change, and they do not recognize their faults, believing that their actions are correct. God has warned Pharaoh many times, and He has punished the people of Egypt, but Pharaoh believes that he is right. People should obey God's commands and not find ways to limit or interpret them as they wish. Repentance is not just saying the right words or claiming that one feels that something was wrong. God can protect His people, but others must also obey Him, not try to negotiate His commands, and must recognize their sins and repent of them.
God has power and control over everything, including nature, humans, light, and darkness. No person can prevent or stop what God wants. Parents have to teach their children about obedience to God and must emphasize the importance of following God's commands. Refusing to obey can cause severe consequences, such as illness or loss of precious things. Compromising is not an option, and people should not find reasons why God does not want them to do what He is asking. Like Moses, individuals should stand by God's side and obey Him even when people threaten them.
This chapter prepares the readers for the final plague and the final confrontation between Pharaoh and Moses, which will lead to the Israelites leaving Egypt.
Moses and Aaron then go to Pharaoh and ask him how long he will refuse to humble himself before God. They ask again that they could let the Israelites go and that they could worship the LORD. God will bring upon Egypt a great swarm of locusts if Pharaoh does not heed them.
Locusts will cover the land and devour everything that has survived the hailstorm, including the plants and trees that have survived the hail. They will even come into the houses of Pharaoh, his servants, and all the Egyptians.
Now, the servants of Pharaoh recognize how bad the situation is. They question how long they will suffer Moses and the Israelites. They tell Pharaoh that Egypt is already badly off and suggest that he lets the Israelites go and worship their God.
Pharaoh sends for Moses and Aaron and asks who will be going to worship the LORD. Moses replies that everyone will go: the young and the old, their sons and daughters, and their animals, and their livestock. The Israelites must have a feast to the LORD.
Pharaoh does not allow everyone to go; he accuses Moses of wanting to cause trouble. He says that only the men should go but does not heed the command of God.
Moses and Aaron depart from Pharaoh, and God tells Moses to stretch out his rod over Egypt. The wind blows across the land all through the day and the night. The locusts come in the morning, and they cover the land, devouring everything that was left from the hailstorm. Not a green plant has been left in Egypt.
Pharaoh quickly calls Moses and Aaron and accuses Moses of having sinned against the LORD and against them. He asks Moses to forgive him and that he prays to the LORD that he removes the locusts.
Moses departs from Pharaoh and prays to the LORD, and God send a wind that drives away the locusts, throwing them into the Red Sea. Not a single locust is left in Egypt.
However, Pharaoh's heart is hardened again, and he does not allow the Israelites to go.
God tells Moses to stretch out his hand toward heaven, and darkness covers Egypt. It is so thick that the Egyptians cannot see one another and can hardly see their own houses for three days.
Nevertheless, the Israelites have lights in their houses. Again, this demonstrates yet again the distinction that God is making between Egypt and His people.
Pharaoh calls Moses and offers a new compromise. The Israelites may all go and worship the LORD, including their families, but they must leave their animals behind. Moses replies that they cannot do that because the animals are needed for the worship and sacrifices. They cannot know what exactly they will need until they reach their destination.
Pharaoh becomes very angry and tells Moses that he may go if he wishes because he will never see Pharaoh's face once again. Moses replies that Pharaoh has spoken correctly and will not see his father's face again. The chapter concludes with Pharaoh insisting on not releasing Israel, and the final and more severe plague about to begin.
The lesson that Exodus chapter 10 teaches is that pride and failure to obey may cause severe consequences for people, whereas God's people can rely on Him and trust that He will lead them and protect them. Pharaoh has already witnessed many signs from God, and he has shown resistance to His command.
Locusts show that the food supply of Egypt has been compromised and that the land has been devastated. The hailstorm earlier in the day has destroyed much of the vegetation, and the locusts finished it off.
Darkness is yet another sign and shows that God has taken away the power of the sun and the gods of Egypt. Moreover, the Israelites' homes are lit with light in time when others see nothing. Again, this shows that God has power, protects His people, and cares for them.
Pharaoh tries to negotiate again and again but refuses to obey God's command. He offers various compromises: only allowing the men to go or allowing the families to go, but insisting that the Israelites cannot take their animals with them. Moses replies that God's decree is for the entire nation to go and that they cannot take anything with them because it is for the sacrifices.
Pharaoh's actions are a repetition; so is the chapter. It begins where the last one ended: Pharaoh refuses to obey and is warned of a more severe judgment. When the judgment comes, he repents, asks for Moses's forgiveness, and allows the Israelites to depart. However, once the problem is over, he does not keep his word, and his stubbornness is unchanged.
God warns Moses that these events will be remembered and recounted by the Israelites and their children to show how He has brought judgment upon Egypt. It teaches that God is faithful, and the people must obey Him, but it also shows that God has power over all things, including nature, darkness and other people's power and will. Parents and families have to teach future generations about God's faithfulness.
Pride can cause people to refuse to change, and they do not recognize their faults, believing that their actions are correct. God has warned Pharaoh many times, and He has punished the people of Egypt, but Pharaoh believes that he is right. People should obey God's commands and not find ways to limit or interpret them as they wish. Repentance is not just saying the right words or claiming that one feels that something was wrong. God can protect His people, but others must also obey Him, not try to negotiate His commands, and must recognize their sins and repent of them.
God has power and control over everything, including nature, humans, light, and darkness. No person can prevent or stop what God wants. Parents have to teach their children about obedience to God and must emphasize the importance of following God's commands. Refusing to obey can cause severe consequences, such as illness or loss of precious things. Compromising is not an option, and people should not find reasons why God does not want them to do what He is asking. Like Moses, individuals should stand by God's side and obey Him even when people threaten them.
This chapter prepares the readers for the final plague and the final confrontation between Pharaoh and Moses, which will lead to the Israelites leaving Egypt.