American King James Version - AKJV - 1999
Exodus 12
1
And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt saying,
2
This month shall be to you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.
Reference
3
Speak you to all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:
Reference
4
And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.
5
Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: you shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats:
Reference
6
And you shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.
Reference
Parallel theme
Leviticus 23:5
Numbers 28:16
Exodus 12:18
Numbers 9:11
Ezekiel 45:21
Mark 15:25
Mark 15:1
Mark 15:8
References Israel
Acts 4:27
Exodus 16:12
7
And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.
Reference
8
And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
Reference
9
Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the entrails thereof.
Reference
10
And you shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remains of it until the morning you shall burn with fire.
Reference
11
And thus shall you eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD's passover.
Reference
Parallel theme
Ephesians 6:15
1 Corinthians 5:7
1 Peter 1:13
Luke 12:35
Exodus 12:21
Exodus 12:13
References Lord
Exodus 12:27
Exodus 12:43
Leviticus 23:5
Numbers 28:16
12
For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD.
Reference
Judgment
Numbers 33:4
Psalm 82:1
References God
Psalm 82:6
Jeremiah 43:13
Exodus 6:2
Zephaniah 2:11
1 Chronicles 14:12
References Lord
Isaiah 19:1
Exodus 12:23
Ezekiel 12:16
13
And the blood shall be to you for a token on the houses where you are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt.
Reference
Blood
Hebrews 11:28
Exodus 12:23
1 John 1:7
Parallel theme
Genesis 17:11
1 Thessalonians 1:10
Joshua 2:12
14
And this day shall be to you for a memorial; and you shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; you shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 12:17
Exodus 12:24
Matthew 26:13
References Lord
2 Kings 23:21
Exodus 12:43
Psalm 111:4
Psalm 135:13
Exodus 5:1
Deuteronomy 16:1
Deuteronomy 16:11
15
Seven days shall you eat unleavened bread; even the first day you shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.
Reference
16
And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you.
Reference
17
And you shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall you observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever.
18
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 12:15
19
Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whoever eats that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 23:15
Deuteronomy 16:3
Exodus 12:48
Exodus 34:18
Numbers 9:13
Exodus 12:43
References Israel
Exodus 12:15
20
You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall you eat unleavened bread.
21
Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said to them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.
Reference
References Israel
Exodus 12:3
22
And you shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the basin; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning.
Reference
23
For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in to your houses to smite you.
Reference
Blood
Hebrews 11:28
Hebrews 12:24
Parallel theme
Revelation 7:3
Revelation 9:4
1 Corinthians 10:10
Ezekiel 9:6
References Lord
Isaiah 37:36
2 Samuel 24:16
Ezekiel 9:4
24
And you shall observe this thing for an ordinance to you and to your sons for ever.
25
And it shall come to pass, when you be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he has promised, that you shall keep this service.
Reference
26
And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say to you, What mean you by this service?
Reference
27
That you shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.
Reference
28
And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.
29
And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 4:23
Psalm 105:36
References Egypt
Psalm 78:51
Psalm 136:10
Psalm 135:8
Numbers 8:17
References Lord
Numbers 33:4
Exodus 12:12
30
And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
Reference
31
And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both you and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as you have said.
Reference
32
Also take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 10:26
33
And the Egyptians were urgent on the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.
Reference
34
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.
35
And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment:
Reference
36
And the LORD gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent to them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians.
Reference
Parallel theme
Genesis 15:14
Psalm 105:37
Daniel 1:9
References Egypt
Acts 7:10
References Lord
Genesis 39:21
Acts 2:47
Exodus 11:3
Proverbs 16:7
37
And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children.
Reference
📍 Succoth 2
Parallel theme
Exodus 38:26
Numbers 1:46
Numbers 11:21
Genesis 47:11
Exodus 1:11
References Israel
Numbers 33:5
Numbers 33:3
38
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
Reference
39
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.
Reference
40
Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelled in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
Reference
41
And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.
Reference
42
It is a night to be much observed to the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations.
Reference
43
And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:
Reference
44
But every man's servant that is bought for money, when you have circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.
Reference
Parallel theme
Genesis 17:23
45
A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.
Reference
Parallel theme
Leviticus 22:10
46
In one house shall it be eaten; you shall not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall you break a bone thereof.
Reference
48
And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.
Reference
Parallel theme
Colossians 3:11
Exodus 12:19
Galatians 3:28
Ezekiel 47:22
References Lord
Numbers 9:14
Exodus 12:43
49
One law shall be to him that is home born, and to the stranger that sojournes among you.
Reference
50
Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.
51
And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.
Reference
References Lord
Exodus 12:41
Summary of Exodus 12
Exodus 12 provides instructions about the first Passover, the final plague in Egypt, and Israel's journey out of slavery. God gives Moses and Aaron specific instructions because the month during which the Passover will occur will be their first month. The instruction is significant to the people of Israel because it marks the beginning of a new era in their history as God's people.
God instructs that each Israelite household should select a lamb that has not sustained any damage, and they keep the animal until the 14th day of the month. On that day, they are to bring the lamb home in the evening.
They are to roast the animal and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs while dressed and ready to leave. In addition, they must wear their sandals, hang the staff on their shoulder, and eat it hurriedly because it is the Passover of the Lord. God instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover on the night He is about to bring judgment upon the land of Egypt.
God instructs that He will pass through the land of Egypt on that night and will kill all the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel's animals. However, He will spare the house of Israel when He sees the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their houses.
God instructs that the Israelites must observe this Passover as a perpetual ordinance by celebrating a memorial service and passing on the story to their children.
At midnight, the Lord will bring judgment upon the people of Egypt. The firstborn son of Pharaoh and the firstborn son of the prisoner and animals will die, and the entire land of Egypt will be filled with the sound of mourning because every household will have experienced some form of loss.
Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron during the night and instructs them to take the Israelites and their belongings and leave the land of Egypt. He tells them to take all the people, including the animals and whatever else they consider to be their possession, and go worship the Lord as they requested to do.
The Egyptians also urge the Israelites to leave quickly because the Egyptians will no longer see them as their laborers. The Israelites gather their dough before it rises and their belongings, and they leave Egypt. They have been in Egypt for 430 years, and when the 430 years are over, Israel leaves Egypt as a great community. The chapter highlights God's commitment to bring His people out of slavery.
Moses instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover. Moses reminds them that they cannot regard these instructions as something they can adopt on their own. In other words, the foreigners and servants cannot take part in the meal. They must be instructed as God has instructed.
The Israelites observe the instructions given to them by Moses and Aaron regarding the Passover, and God brings them out of Egypt.
The chapter ends with a statement that God brought Israel out of Egypt by His hosts. Those who had been slaves are now about to go on a journey of freedom.
The lesson in Exodus 12 is that God is faithful to keep His promises, provide a way of deliverance, and that He will bring His people out of captivity through His power. The Passover is one of the most important events in Israel's history because it was the night when God brought judgment on the land of Egypt and Israel.
Blood is the primary symbol in the instructions for the Passover. Israel is safe from the judgment of God because they have obeyed Him by painting the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their house.
The death of the firstborn is the final blow to Pharaoh's efforts to keep Israel in bondage. God has had enough of Pharaoh's arrogance, and He brings judgment on Egypt. After refusing to let the Israelites go, Pharaoh is forced to order Moses and Aaron to take Israel into their hands and to leave Egypt immediately.
The instructions that the Israelites must eat while ready to leave signify that they must eat hurriedly because there is no time for them to wait for their bread to rise. Israel's unleavened bread will be a memorial to them of that night when they left Egypt, rushing to get away from the presence of God's judgment. The instructions to remember the Passover are a reminder to the Israelites that they must pass on to their children the story of how God brought them out of captivity.
The 430 years mentioned in this chapter also indicate that God has kept His promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that their descendants would be servants in another nation for 430 years. After all this time, it is finally over because of God's promise to Abraham.
The chapter implies the Israelites have undergone a transformation from being a family of slaves in Egypt to becoming a nation that is now headed to the land God promised to give to them.
The Passover is a reminder that God is both fair and merciful. God has judged Egypt for its sins (by bringing death to the land), and He is merciful to free Israel from bondage by protecting them when they obey His instructions.
Exodus 12 is a turning point for Israel, for Egypt, and for the world in general. The time of Israel's bondage is over; Pharaoh has lost his power over Israel, and the Israelites are being freed from their servitude. God has demonstrated His willingness to listen to the cries of a servant who is suffering at the hands of his master.
God is faithful to keep His promises even when their fulfillment is delayed. God hears the cries of His people and answers their prayers. Additionally, He provides protection for those who believe in Him and obey His instructions. We must always remember to teach future generations the lessons of faith and gratitude to God. We must always remember those who have served us and who have made our lives possible.
Freedom is a cherished gift of God's goodness. God's timing may be long, but we must have faith in His promises. Similarly, we must obey God's rules and regulations because they protect us from falling into the hands of those who would keep us in bondage. God is faithful to deliver those who obey His Word.
God instructs that each Israelite household should select a lamb that has not sustained any damage, and they keep the animal until the 14th day of the month. On that day, they are to bring the lamb home in the evening.
They are to roast the animal and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs while dressed and ready to leave. In addition, they must wear their sandals, hang the staff on their shoulder, and eat it hurriedly because it is the Passover of the Lord. God instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover on the night He is about to bring judgment upon the land of Egypt.
God instructs that He will pass through the land of Egypt on that night and will kill all the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel's animals. However, He will spare the house of Israel when He sees the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their houses.
God instructs that the Israelites must observe this Passover as a perpetual ordinance by celebrating a memorial service and passing on the story to their children.
At midnight, the Lord will bring judgment upon the people of Egypt. The firstborn son of Pharaoh and the firstborn son of the prisoner and animals will die, and the entire land of Egypt will be filled with the sound of mourning because every household will have experienced some form of loss.
Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron during the night and instructs them to take the Israelites and their belongings and leave the land of Egypt. He tells them to take all the people, including the animals and whatever else they consider to be their possession, and go worship the Lord as they requested to do.
The Egyptians also urge the Israelites to leave quickly because the Egyptians will no longer see them as their laborers. The Israelites gather their dough before it rises and their belongings, and they leave Egypt. They have been in Egypt for 430 years, and when the 430 years are over, Israel leaves Egypt as a great community. The chapter highlights God's commitment to bring His people out of slavery.
Moses instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover. Moses reminds them that they cannot regard these instructions as something they can adopt on their own. In other words, the foreigners and servants cannot take part in the meal. They must be instructed as God has instructed.
The Israelites observe the instructions given to them by Moses and Aaron regarding the Passover, and God brings them out of Egypt.
The chapter ends with a statement that God brought Israel out of Egypt by His hosts. Those who had been slaves are now about to go on a journey of freedom.
The lesson in Exodus 12 is that God is faithful to keep His promises, provide a way of deliverance, and that He will bring His people out of captivity through His power. The Passover is one of the most important events in Israel's history because it was the night when God brought judgment on the land of Egypt and Israel.
Blood is the primary symbol in the instructions for the Passover. Israel is safe from the judgment of God because they have obeyed Him by painting the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their house.
The death of the firstborn is the final blow to Pharaoh's efforts to keep Israel in bondage. God has had enough of Pharaoh's arrogance, and He brings judgment on Egypt. After refusing to let the Israelites go, Pharaoh is forced to order Moses and Aaron to take Israel into their hands and to leave Egypt immediately.
The instructions that the Israelites must eat while ready to leave signify that they must eat hurriedly because there is no time for them to wait for their bread to rise. Israel's unleavened bread will be a memorial to them of that night when they left Egypt, rushing to get away from the presence of God's judgment. The instructions to remember the Passover are a reminder to the Israelites that they must pass on to their children the story of how God brought them out of captivity.
The 430 years mentioned in this chapter also indicate that God has kept His promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that their descendants would be servants in another nation for 430 years. After all this time, it is finally over because of God's promise to Abraham.
The chapter implies the Israelites have undergone a transformation from being a family of slaves in Egypt to becoming a nation that is now headed to the land God promised to give to them.
The Passover is a reminder that God is both fair and merciful. God has judged Egypt for its sins (by bringing death to the land), and He is merciful to free Israel from bondage by protecting them when they obey His instructions.
Exodus 12 is a turning point for Israel, for Egypt, and for the world in general. The time of Israel's bondage is over; Pharaoh has lost his power over Israel, and the Israelites are being freed from their servitude. God has demonstrated His willingness to listen to the cries of a servant who is suffering at the hands of his master.
God is faithful to keep His promises even when their fulfillment is delayed. God hears the cries of His people and answers their prayers. Additionally, He provides protection for those who believe in Him and obey His instructions. We must always remember to teach future generations the lessons of faith and gratitude to God. We must always remember those who have served us and who have made our lives possible.
Freedom is a cherished gift of God's goodness. God's timing may be long, but we must have faith in His promises. Similarly, we must obey God's rules and regulations because they protect us from falling into the hands of those who would keep us in bondage. God is faithful to deliver those who obey His Word.