New International Reader s Version - NIrV - 1996
Exodus 12
1
The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in Egypt.
2
He said, "From now on, this month will be your first month. Each of your years will begin with it.
Reference
3
"Speak to the whole community of Israel. Tell them that on the tenth day of this month each man must get a lamb from his flock. A lamb should be chosen for each family and home.
Reference
4
"Suppose there are not enough people in your family to eat a whole lamb. Then you must share some of it with your nearest neighbor. You must add up the total number of people there are. You must decide how much lamb is needed for each person.
5
"The animals you choose must be males that are a year old. They must not have any flaws. You may choose either sheep or goats.
Reference
6
Take care of them until the 14th day of the month. Then the whole community of Israel must kill them when the sun goes down.
Reference
Parallel theme
Leviticus 23:5
Numbers 28:16
Exodus 12:18
Numbers 9:11
Ezekiel 45:21
Mark 15:25
Mark 15:1
Mark 15:8
References Israel
Acts 4:27
Exodus 16:12
7
Take some of the blood. Put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where you eat the lambs.
Reference
8
"That same night eat the meat cooked over the fire. Also eat bitter plants. And eat bread that is made without yeast.
Reference
9
Do not eat the meat raw or boiled in water. Instead, cook it over the fire. Cook the head, legs and inside parts.
Reference
11
"Eat the meat while your coat is tucked into your belt. Put your sandals on your feet. Take your walking stick in your hand. Eat the food quickly. It is the Lord's Passover.
Reference
Parallel theme
Ephesians 6:15
1 Corinthians 5:7
1 Peter 1:13
Luke 12:35
Exodus 12:21
Exodus 12:13
References Lord
Exodus 12:27
Exodus 12:43
Leviticus 23:5
Numbers 28:16
12
"That same night I will pass through Egypt. I will strike down every oldest son. I will also kill all of the male animals that were born first to their mothers. And I will judge all of the gods of Egypt. I am the Lord.
Reference
Judgment
Numbers 33:4
Psalm 82:1
References God
Psalm 82:6
Jeremiah 43:13
Exodus 6:2
Zephaniah 2:11
1 Chronicles 14:12
References Lord
Isaiah 19:1
Exodus 12:23
Ezekiel 12:16
13
"The blood on your houses will be a sign for you. When I see the blood, I will pass over you. No deadly plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.
Reference
Blood
Hebrews 11:28
Exodus 12:23
1 John 1:7
Parallel theme
Genesis 17:11
1 Thessalonians 1:10
Joshua 2:12
14
"Always remember this day. For all time to come, you and your children after you must celebrate this day as a feast in honor of the Lord. It is a law that will last forever.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 12:17
Exodus 12:24
Matthew 26:13
References Lord
2 Kings 23:21
Exodus 12:43
Psalm 111:4
Psalm 135:13
Exodus 5:1
Deuteronomy 16:1
Deuteronomy 16:11
15
"Eat bread made without yeast for seven days. On the first day remove the yeast from your homes. For the next seven days, anyone who eats anything that has yeast in it must be cut off from Israel.
Reference
16
"On the first and seventh days, come together for a special service. Do not work at all on those days. All you are allowed to do is prepare food for everyone to eat.
Reference
17
"Celebrate the Feast of Unleavened Bread. I brought you out of Egypt on this very day like an army on the march. It is a law that will last for all time to come.
18
In the first month eat bread that is made without yeast. Eat it from the evening of the 14th day until the evening of the 21st day.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 12:15
19
"For seven days do not let any yeast be found in your homes. Anyone who eats anything that has yeast in it must be cut off from the community of Israel. That applies to outsiders and Israelites alike.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 23:15
Deuteronomy 16:3
Exodus 12:48
Exodus 34:18
Numbers 9:13
Exodus 12:43
References Israel
Exodus 12:15
20
Do not eat anything that is made with yeast. No matter where you live, eat bread that is made without yeast."
21
Then Moses sent for all of the elders of Israel. He said to them, "Go at once. Choose the animals for your families. Each family must kill a Passover lamb.
Reference
References Israel
Exodus 12:3
22
Get a branch of a hyssop plant. Dip it into the blood in the bowl. Put some of the blood on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. None of you can go out the door of your house until morning.
Reference
23
"The Lord will go through the land to strike the Egyptians down. He'll see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe. He will pass over that house. He won't let the destroying angel enter your homes to kill you.
Reference
Blood
Hebrews 11:28
Hebrews 12:24
Parallel theme
Revelation 7:3
Revelation 9:4
1 Corinthians 10:10
Ezekiel 9:6
References Lord
Isaiah 37:36
2 Samuel 24:16
Ezekiel 9:4
24
"Obey all of these directions. It's a law for you and your children after you for all time to come.
25
The Lord will give you the land, just as he promised. When you enter it, keep this holy day.
Reference
27
Tell them, 'It's the Passover sacrifice in honor of the Lord. He passed over the houses of the people of Israel in Egypt. He spared our homes when he struck the Egyptians down.' " Then the people of Israel bowed down and worshiped.
Reference
28
They did just what the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron.
29
At midnight the Lord struck down every oldest son in Egypt. He killed the oldest son of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne. He killed all of the oldest sons of prisoners, who were in prison. He also killed all of the male animals that were born first to their mothers among the livestock.
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 4:23
Psalm 105:36
References Egypt
Psalm 78:51
Psalm 136:10
Psalm 135:8
Numbers 8:17
References Lord
Numbers 33:4
Exodus 12:12
30
Pharaoh and all of his officials got up during the night. So did all of the Egyptians. There was loud crying in Egypt because someone had died in every home.
Reference
31
During the night, Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron. He said to them, "Get out of here! You and the Israelites, leave my people! Go. Worship the Lord, just as you have asked.
Reference
32
Go. Take your flocks and herds, just as you have said. And also give me your blessing."
Reference
Parallel theme
Exodus 10:26
33
The Egyptians begged the people of Israel to hurry up and leave the country. "If you don't," they said, "we'll all die!"
Reference
34
So the people took their dough before the yeast was added to it. They carried it on their shoulders in bread pans that were wrapped in clothes.
35
They did just as Moses had directed them. They asked the Egyptians for articles that were made out of silver and gold. They also asked them for clothes.
Reference
36
The Lord had caused the Egyptians to treat the people of Israel in a kind way. So they gave them what they asked for. The people of Israel took many expensive things that belonged to the Egyptians.
Reference
Parallel theme
Genesis 15:14
Psalm 105:37
Daniel 1:9
References Egypt
Acts 7:10
References Lord
Genesis 39:21
Acts 2:47
Exodus 11:3
Proverbs 16:7
37
The Israelites traveled from Rameses to Succoth. There were about 600,000 men who were old enough to go into battle. The women and children went with them.
Reference
📍 Succoth 2
Parallel theme
Exodus 38:26
Numbers 1:46
Numbers 11:21
Genesis 47:11
Exodus 1:11
References Israel
Numbers 33:5
Numbers 33:3
39
They brought dough from Egypt. With it they baked bread without yeast. The dough didn't have any yeast in it. That's because the people had been driven out of Egypt before they had time to prepare their food.
Reference
41
At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all of the Lord's people marched out of Egypt like an army.
Reference
42
The Lord kept watch that night to bring them out of Egypt. So on that same night every year all of the Israelites must keep watch. They must do it to honor the Lord for all time to come.
Reference
43
The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron. He said, "Here are the rules for the Passover. "No one from another country is allowed to eat the Passover meal.
Reference
44
Any slave you have bought is allowed to eat it after you have circumcised him.
Reference
Parallel theme
Genesis 17:23
45
But a hired worker or someone who lives with you for a while is not allowed to eat it.
Reference
Parallel theme
Leviticus 22:10
46
"It must be eaten inside a house. Do not take any of the meat outside. Do not break any of the bones.
Reference
48
"Suppose an outsider who is living among you wants to celebrate the Lord's Passover. Then all of the males in that home must be circumcised. After that, the person can take part, just like an Israelite. Only males who are circumcised can eat it.
Reference
Parallel theme
Colossians 3:11
Exodus 12:19
Galatians 3:28
Ezekiel 47:22
References Lord
Numbers 9:14
Exodus 12:43
50
All of the people of Israel did just what the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron.
51
On that very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of Egypt like an army on the march.
Reference
References Lord
Exodus 12:41
Summary of Exodus 12
Exodus 12 provides instructions about the first Passover, the final plague in Egypt, and Israel's journey out of slavery. God gives Moses and Aaron specific instructions because the month during which the Passover will occur will be their first month. The instruction is significant to the people of Israel because it marks the beginning of a new era in their history as God's people.
God instructs that each Israelite household should select a lamb that has not sustained any damage, and they keep the animal until the 14th day of the month. On that day, they are to bring the lamb home in the evening.
They are to roast the animal and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs while dressed and ready to leave. In addition, they must wear their sandals, hang the staff on their shoulder, and eat it hurriedly because it is the Passover of the Lord. God instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover on the night He is about to bring judgment upon the land of Egypt.
God instructs that He will pass through the land of Egypt on that night and will kill all the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel's animals. However, He will spare the house of Israel when He sees the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their houses.
God instructs that the Israelites must observe this Passover as a perpetual ordinance by celebrating a memorial service and passing on the story to their children.
At midnight, the Lord will bring judgment upon the people of Egypt. The firstborn son of Pharaoh and the firstborn son of the prisoner and animals will die, and the entire land of Egypt will be filled with the sound of mourning because every household will have experienced some form of loss.
Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron during the night and instructs them to take the Israelites and their belongings and leave the land of Egypt. He tells them to take all the people, including the animals and whatever else they consider to be their possession, and go worship the Lord as they requested to do.
The Egyptians also urge the Israelites to leave quickly because the Egyptians will no longer see them as their laborers. The Israelites gather their dough before it rises and their belongings, and they leave Egypt. They have been in Egypt for 430 years, and when the 430 years are over, Israel leaves Egypt as a great community. The chapter highlights God's commitment to bring His people out of slavery.
Moses instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover. Moses reminds them that they cannot regard these instructions as something they can adopt on their own. In other words, the foreigners and servants cannot take part in the meal. They must be instructed as God has instructed.
The Israelites observe the instructions given to them by Moses and Aaron regarding the Passover, and God brings them out of Egypt.
The chapter ends with a statement that God brought Israel out of Egypt by His hosts. Those who had been slaves are now about to go on a journey of freedom.
The lesson in Exodus 12 is that God is faithful to keep His promises, provide a way of deliverance, and that He will bring His people out of captivity through His power. The Passover is one of the most important events in Israel's history because it was the night when God brought judgment on the land of Egypt and Israel.
Blood is the primary symbol in the instructions for the Passover. Israel is safe from the judgment of God because they have obeyed Him by painting the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their house.
The death of the firstborn is the final blow to Pharaoh's efforts to keep Israel in bondage. God has had enough of Pharaoh's arrogance, and He brings judgment on Egypt. After refusing to let the Israelites go, Pharaoh is forced to order Moses and Aaron to take Israel into their hands and to leave Egypt immediately.
The instructions that the Israelites must eat while ready to leave signify that they must eat hurriedly because there is no time for them to wait for their bread to rise. Israel's unleavened bread will be a memorial to them of that night when they left Egypt, rushing to get away from the presence of God's judgment. The instructions to remember the Passover are a reminder to the Israelites that they must pass on to their children the story of how God brought them out of captivity.
The 430 years mentioned in this chapter also indicate that God has kept His promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that their descendants would be servants in another nation for 430 years. After all this time, it is finally over because of God's promise to Abraham.
The chapter implies the Israelites have undergone a transformation from being a family of slaves in Egypt to becoming a nation that is now headed to the land God promised to give to them.
The Passover is a reminder that God is both fair and merciful. God has judged Egypt for its sins (by bringing death to the land), and He is merciful to free Israel from bondage by protecting them when they obey His instructions.
Exodus 12 is a turning point for Israel, for Egypt, and for the world in general. The time of Israel's bondage is over; Pharaoh has lost his power over Israel, and the Israelites are being freed from their servitude. God has demonstrated His willingness to listen to the cries of a servant who is suffering at the hands of his master.
God is faithful to keep His promises even when their fulfillment is delayed. God hears the cries of His people and answers their prayers. Additionally, He provides protection for those who believe in Him and obey His instructions. We must always remember to teach future generations the lessons of faith and gratitude to God. We must always remember those who have served us and who have made our lives possible.
Freedom is a cherished gift of God's goodness. God's timing may be long, but we must have faith in His promises. Similarly, we must obey God's rules and regulations because they protect us from falling into the hands of those who would keep us in bondage. God is faithful to deliver those who obey His Word.
God instructs that each Israelite household should select a lamb that has not sustained any damage, and they keep the animal until the 14th day of the month. On that day, they are to bring the lamb home in the evening.
They are to roast the animal and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs while dressed and ready to leave. In addition, they must wear their sandals, hang the staff on their shoulder, and eat it hurriedly because it is the Passover of the Lord. God instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover on the night He is about to bring judgment upon the land of Egypt.
God instructs that He will pass through the land of Egypt on that night and will kill all the firstborn of the Egyptians and Israel's animals. However, He will spare the house of Israel when He sees the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their houses.
God instructs that the Israelites must observe this Passover as a perpetual ordinance by celebrating a memorial service and passing on the story to their children.
At midnight, the Lord will bring judgment upon the people of Egypt. The firstborn son of Pharaoh and the firstborn son of the prisoner and animals will die, and the entire land of Egypt will be filled with the sound of mourning because every household will have experienced some form of loss.
Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron during the night and instructs them to take the Israelites and their belongings and leave the land of Egypt. He tells them to take all the people, including the animals and whatever else they consider to be their possession, and go worship the Lord as they requested to do.
The Egyptians also urge the Israelites to leave quickly because the Egyptians will no longer see them as their laborers. The Israelites gather their dough before it rises and their belongings, and they leave Egypt. They have been in Egypt for 430 years, and when the 430 years are over, Israel leaves Egypt as a great community. The chapter highlights God's commitment to bring His people out of slavery.
Moses instructs the Israelites to observe the Passover. Moses reminds them that they cannot regard these instructions as something they can adopt on their own. In other words, the foreigners and servants cannot take part in the meal. They must be instructed as God has instructed.
The Israelites observe the instructions given to them by Moses and Aaron regarding the Passover, and God brings them out of Egypt.
The chapter ends with a statement that God brought Israel out of Egypt by His hosts. Those who had been slaves are now about to go on a journey of freedom.
The lesson in Exodus 12 is that God is faithful to keep His promises, provide a way of deliverance, and that He will bring His people out of captivity through His power. The Passover is one of the most important events in Israel's history because it was the night when God brought judgment on the land of Egypt and Israel.
Blood is the primary symbol in the instructions for the Passover. Israel is safe from the judgment of God because they have obeyed Him by painting the blood on the sideposts and doorposts of their house.
The death of the firstborn is the final blow to Pharaoh's efforts to keep Israel in bondage. God has had enough of Pharaoh's arrogance, and He brings judgment on Egypt. After refusing to let the Israelites go, Pharaoh is forced to order Moses and Aaron to take Israel into their hands and to leave Egypt immediately.
The instructions that the Israelites must eat while ready to leave signify that they must eat hurriedly because there is no time for them to wait for their bread to rise. Israel's unleavened bread will be a memorial to them of that night when they left Egypt, rushing to get away from the presence of God's judgment. The instructions to remember the Passover are a reminder to the Israelites that they must pass on to their children the story of how God brought them out of captivity.
The 430 years mentioned in this chapter also indicate that God has kept His promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that their descendants would be servants in another nation for 430 years. After all this time, it is finally over because of God's promise to Abraham.
The chapter implies the Israelites have undergone a transformation from being a family of slaves in Egypt to becoming a nation that is now headed to the land God promised to give to them.
The Passover is a reminder that God is both fair and merciful. God has judged Egypt for its sins (by bringing death to the land), and He is merciful to free Israel from bondage by protecting them when they obey His instructions.
Exodus 12 is a turning point for Israel, for Egypt, and for the world in general. The time of Israel's bondage is over; Pharaoh has lost his power over Israel, and the Israelites are being freed from their servitude. God has demonstrated His willingness to listen to the cries of a servant who is suffering at the hands of his master.
God is faithful to keep His promises even when their fulfillment is delayed. God hears the cries of His people and answers their prayers. Additionally, He provides protection for those who believe in Him and obey His instructions. We must always remember to teach future generations the lessons of faith and gratitude to God. We must always remember those who have served us and who have made our lives possible.
Freedom is a cherished gift of God's goodness. God's timing may be long, but we must have faith in His promises. Similarly, we must obey God's rules and regulations because they protect us from falling into the hands of those who would keep us in bondage. God is faithful to deliver those who obey His Word.